前言:本站為你精心整理了英語語態用法管理范文,希望能為你的創作提供參考價值,我們的客服老師可以幫助你提供個性化的參考范文,歡迎咨詢。
一.何時使用被動語態
1.不知道誰是動作的執行者或沒有必要
如:Paperismadefromwood.
Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.
Hewaswoundedinthefight.
2.需要強調動作的承受者時
如:Calwlatorcan''''tbeusedinthemathsexam.
Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn''''tbetakenaway.
Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.
3為了使語氣婉轉,避免提及自己或對方而使用被動語態,或由于修飾的需要,使用被動語態,使句子得以更好的安排。
如:Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.
Electricityisusedtorunmachines.
二.被動語態的構成
1.be+done可以是被動語態,也可以是系表結構形式。被動語態中,done可以帶by短語,而系表結構中done相當于adj.不帶by短語。
如:Thequestionissettled.(系表結構)
Suchquestionsaresettledbyus.(被動語態)
Thecompositioniswellwritten.(系表結構)
Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare.(被動語態)
Thejobwaswelldone.(系表結構)
Thejobwaswelldonebyaskilledworker.(被動語態)
2.許多verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以用做adj.也可以在被動語態結構中做過去分詞。句中如果有by,通常是被動語態。
如:Iwasworriedabeutyouallnight.(表狀態)
Iwasworriedbymosquitoesallnight.(表動作)
TheglasswasbrokenbyJack.(表動作)
Theglassisbroken.(表狀態)
Iwasfrightenedbyhisghoststory.
Shewasfrightenedatthesightofasnake.
三.不同形式的被動語態
1.含有直賓和間賓的主動結構,變為被動時,可將其中一個賓語變為主語,另一個不動一般是主語結構的間接賓語變為被動的主語。
如:Heshowedmehispictures.
Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.
Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.
Auntmademeanewdress.
Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.
Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.
Hesentmeabirthdaypresent.
Iwassentabirthdaypresentbyhim.
Abirthdaypresentwassenttomebyhim.
2含有復合賓語的主動句,賓補不變。
(1)將賓語變為主語,賓補不變。
如:TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.
Heleftthedooropen.Thedoorwarleftopenbyhim.
(2)make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.help既動詞后變做賓補的不定式一般不加to,變為被動,必須加to.
如:MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.
IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung.
Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.
Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomuptairslastnight.
DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?
WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine?
3.情態動詞的被動語態。是由情態V+be+p.p.構成
如:Theycannotfindhim.
Hecannotbefound.
Youmustpaymeforthis.
Imustbepaidforthis.
Hecanrepairyourwatch.
Yourwatchcanberepaired.
4.短語V的被動語態
一般來講,只有及物V才有被動語態,因為只有vt才能有動作的承受者;但有許多由不及物動詞+介詞及其他詞類構成的短語動詞,相當與及物動詞,可以有賓語。因而可以有被動語態,但應注意短語V是一個不可分割的整體。變被動時,不可丟掉構成短語的prep或adv.這樣的短語有:lookafter,listento,lookat,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,makeuesof,etc.
如:Theyhadputoutthefirebeforethefire--brigadearrived.
Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefire-brigadearrived.
Theywillsetupanewpublicschoolhere.
Anewpublicschoolwillbesetuphere.
5.有些動詞用主動形式表被動含義。.
如:Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan''''topen.
6.有些詞如want,need,require和beworth后面,v-ing形式為主動,意義為被動。
如:Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.
Thebookisworthreading.
7.主動語態中的賓語是從句,變成被動時使用形式替代詞it.
如:WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.
It''''sknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.
Theteachersaidthatthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages
It''''ssaidthatthisbookhasbeenfranslatedintoseverallanguages
8.賓語為反身代詞,相互代詞及虛詞it時,不用被動,只用主動。
如:Iwilldoitmyself.ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Wang.
9.謂語動詞是以下時,無被動。
happen,belongto,suit,fit(適合),have,let,join,fall,last(延長),cost(花費)
breakout(爆發)appear,burstout(迸發),hold(容納),lack(缺乏),agreewith(同意).
10.據說類動詞:say,consider,think,report,know,believe,suggest,understand,hope,etc.
如:Itissaidthat…Thereissaidtobe…Sth./Sb.issaidto…
11.主動形式表被動
①感官動詞:sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主語是物時;
②一些vi主動形式表被動含義open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.
③不定式toblame,tolet(出租)作表語時,主動形式表被動含義
④表(sth)需要的need,want,require等后的動名詞用主動形式表被動含義
⑤beworth后的動名詞主動形式表被動含義